Detection of some virulence gene Stx1, Stx2, and rfb of Escherichia coli isolated from fish in Nineveh governorate, Iraq

The current study aims to detect the presence of some virulence genes Escherichia (E.) coli in fish. 46 strains E. were previously isolated from 153 fish samples, including 28 and 18 isolates local markets farms, respectively, Nineveh Governorate November 2021 January 2022. results show that all possessed uidA gene with a molecular weight 623 bp. In addition, they 88.9% (16/18) farmed samples Stx1 347 bp, while 72.2% (13/18) them carried Stx2 589 Also, unveils 89.3 % (25/28) market 85.7% (24/28) rfb is detected this study, neither farm nor using PCR technique. Likewise, it shows genes, major causative agents food poisoning for consumers. Finally, gives important information about application health conditions on farms prevent contamination reduce infections by foodborne pathogens cause humans.